THE
GATTERs OF BOHEMIA
Sabert, Wlachei, Hühnerwasser
Gatters appeared in Bohemia in several locations during
the 17th and 18th centuries. However, the family was always confined to
the northern areas bordering Saxony and Silesia. We find them in Görkau,
Leitmeritz and the in foothills to the west and south-west of Mount Jeschken.
Interestingly enough also the bordering kingdoms of Silesia and Saxony
were home of several Gatter families. There is even documentary proof
of cross border relations. One Gatter family moved around 1710 from Silesia
to the town of Leitmeritz.
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Bohemia and its administrative divisions ("Kreise") in
around 1800. The places of origin of Bohemian Gatter families are
markted with black dots. The rectangle is enlarged in another map
further down.
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In the Jeschken area the family appears in several villages at the eve
of the 30 years war (Budikov, Sabert, Krassa, Zetten, Aue, etc.). Most
likely this is all one family since the geographical area is quite small.
Most of these families disappear again over the centuries. Only the Krassa
and Sabert lines survive.
The Krassa line soon spreads to neigboring Kunnersdorf and Oschitz. While
the parish registers list the early members of that family as "Gatter",
already in the third and fourth generation (around 1700) a shift in name
towards "Gattermann" has taken place.
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Foothills of Mount Jeschken with the towns of Kunnersdorf
and Oschitz.
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The Gattermann family lived in the area around Mount Jeschken,
namely in the town of Oschitz (see picture above) until the expulsion
of the Germans from Bohemia in 1945.
The Gatter family of Budikow and Sabert was also listed as "Gattermann"
from time to time. The stonemason Wentzel Gatter (see below) was
born in 1795 as "Gatter" and died in 1840 as "Gattermann".
Some family members were listed as "Gatter vulgo Gattermann",
meaning they were called Gattermann as nickname even though their
name was Gatter.
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The Village of Krassa, origin of
the Gattermann family
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These were however exceptions. Despite many spelling variations, such
as Gater, Gotter, Gotr, Koter, Kotter, Katter, Kater, Katerin (for females),
Gotrmann, Kotromon, etc., the family name until today remained Gatter.
Some of these spelling variations like "Gotr" can be attributed
to the Czech priests who updated the parish registers (in Czech vowels
are often dropped and consonants are dominant).
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The village of Sabert, located between Wartenberg, Hühnerwasser
and Böhmisch Aicha
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The villages Sabert (Zabridi) (in red),
Wlachei (Vlachovey), Dolanken, Budikow and Zetten were long the
centers of the Gatter family (see map cut-out).
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Oral family history has
it that the Sabert line originates from Austria and came as sculpturers
and stonemasons during the reign of emperor Charles IV (1347-1378) to
Prague to contribute in making this city the pearl of the empire. Even
though we cannot verify this since church records in this area do not
go further back than the end of the 30 years war (1618-1648), it
is interesting to note that we find a Petrus Gattrer in Prague
in the year 1352.
The common ancestors of the Sabert line are Joannis Gatter
(born ca. 1625) and Rosina (died 13. Dec. 1719 in the village of
Sabert). With their children the line begins to prosper and to rapidly
multipy. These children were:
- Hanss(Jan) Gatter, born ca. 1660, died:
22 Februar 1719/20 in Sabert. He was married to Rosina (Rozyna).
- Michael Gatter, born ca. 1650, died before
1726.
He married before 1673 Anna, born ca. 1650
- Gyrzik(Georg/Gerge) Gatter, born ca. 1657,
died 8 Juni 1727 in Sabert
- first marriage Maria
- second marriage Margareta
- third marriage Maria born ca. 1660, died 16 ..August
1720 in Sabert
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Above a traditional farmhouse on the slopes of Mount Jeschken.
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The descendents of Joannis Gatter soon spread over the close by villages
and towns. Before world war II they could be found in (Czech names
in italics):
Aussig/Elbe (Usti)
Bad Kunnersdorf
Böhmisch Aicha (Cesky Dub)
Böhmisch Leipa (Ceska Lipa)
Budikow
Dolanken
Gablonz (Jablonec)
Hühnerwasser (Kuri Vody)
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Karlsbad
Koncin |
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The town of Oschitz with Mount Jeschken.
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Krassa
Maffersdorf
Nahlau (Nahlov)
Oschitz (Oscezna)
Sabert (Zabridi)
Reichenberg (Liberec)
Reichstadt (Zakupy)
Tetschen
Wlachei (Vlachovey) |
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The village of Sabert in the foothills of Mount Jeschken,
Northern Bohemia (around 1940)
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Members of this family served in the Turkish-Austrian wars, participated
in the siege of Vienna in 1683 and the conquest of Belgrade in 1717. They
served in the 7 years war between Austria and Prussia and fought in the
revolution of 1848 against the monarchy.
Most of them were farmers in the early centuries, but there were sculputrers
among them as Wenzelaus Gatter (1693/94-1753) who worked in Vienna
and around 1718 returned to his native Bohemia where still today his baroque
masterpieces decorate churches and mark town squares. One of them can
be admired in Böhmisch Aicha (Cesky Dub) - a statue from around 1728,
commemorating the times of plague.
The Bohemian Gatters also served also gamekeepers, hunters, foresters,
and some of them were even infamous poachers (one of whom paid it with
his life).
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Sabert house No. 9. Here lived Anton Gatter (born 1740) - his
son Wenzeslaus Gatter, the famous sculpturor and stomne mason, was
probably born here.
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In side lines this family of Gatters has ancestry that can be traced
as far back over a thousand years, among these lines are the the noble
families of:
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von Alvensleben
von Bismarck
von Bülow
von Dobschütz
von Gersdorff
von Haugwitz
von Henneberg
von Heynitz
von Köckeritz
von Koenneritz
von Luttitz
von Meckaw
von Nostitz
von Polenz
von Rechenberg
von der Sahla
von Schleinitz
von Theler
von Zezschwitz |
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One of the Bohemian Gatters
ancestors is the nobleman Otto Bernhard Benjamin von Zezschwitz
(1707-1782)
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The baroque statue on the Böhmisch Aicha town square
commemorating the plague.
Created around 1728 by the sculpturer and stonemason Wenzeslaus
Gatter
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An old postcard from 1903 picturing the view from Mount Jeschken
on the homeland of the Gatter family. At the turn of the century
the mountain was a favorite destination for Bohemian "Wanderlust".
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One of the Gatters who left Sabert was the stonemason Wentzl Gatter(1795-1840).
He moved to the close by village Wlachei where the quarries were not exhausted
yet and where business apparently was more favorable. He married on November
7, 1820 Anna Kabatek (ca. 1796- after 1871) form Rostein who was
of Czech descent.They were blessed with 12 children, many of whom however
died fairly young.
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Wentzl Gatter (1795-1840)and his wife
Anna Kabatek (ca. 1796- after 1871)
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One of these children was Franziskus Seraphicus Gatter (1828-1909)
who left Wlachei around 1850 and moved to the bigger town of Hühnerwasser,
some 20 kilometers to the west, located on an old trading route.
His trading bussiness and metalworking shop went well and he soon
purchased the old postal station of the town (built in 1692) at
the market square. This building was from then on known as the Gatterhouse,
but was destroyed by the Russians who used the town (after the expulsion
of the Germans from Czechia at the end of World War II) as a missile
training site.
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The big Gatterhouse(center right) in the old Bohemian trading
city of Hühnerwasser (around 1910 at a town celebration)
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View from the Gatterhouse
on Hühnerwassers market square around 1930
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Franz Seraphicus Gatter (1828-1909)
with his second wife Johanna Kauschka (1846-1901) and the sons Franz
(1853-1887 from first marriage) and Arnold (1870-1940).
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Helene Gröschel (1826- 1865)
The first wife of Franz S. Gatter
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Franz Seraphicus Gatter had 8 children in two marriages. From the first
marriage with Helene Gröschel (1826-1865) is the son Josef
Gatter (1856-1929) who achieved local fame for bringing running water
to many villages of the area in the 1880s and 1890s. He built pumps that
could transport up water for over a hundred meters. In one village he
therefore had to stand trial, because he was accused of sorcery. It was
not at all usual in those days to see water climbing up from the valley
and splash on the market square.
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Josef Gatter(1854-1929) and his wife Marie Eiselt (1870-1941)
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A water wheel build in 1890 powering
one of Josef Gatters pumps
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An advertisement that appeared
in the newspaper of Böhmisch Leipa at the turn of the century,
praising the products of Josef Gatters metal working business
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The descendents from the marriage of Josef Gatter with Marie Eiselt were
numerous. Among them the builder of the Gatter
Car.
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Children of Josef Gatter and his
wife Marie Eiselt in Hühnerwasser around 1910
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Josef Gatter and his wife Marie
Eiselt with their 8 children in 1928
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Their descendets (and their spouses) were:
Willibald Gustav Gatter 1896 -
1973+ Emilie Hoyler - 1911
Maximilian Ernst Gatter 1898 - 1976+
Emilie (Emmi) Czeke 1900 - 1969
Frieda Marie Helene Gatter 1899 - 1973
+ Emanuel Hlavsa- 1941
Ernst Theodor Gatter 1901 - 1973 +
(1) Marie Priebisch 1911 - 1955, + (2) Paula Jungbauer 1925 -
Rudolf(Rolf) Friedrich Gatter 1903 - 1981+
Else Hoyler 1919 - 1974
Friedrich(Fritz) Ludwig Gatter 1905 - 1943
( World War II) + Anna Babinsky 1906 - 1998
Arthur Wilhelm Gatter 1907 - 1990 +
Gertrud Ritschel 1917 - 1993
Arnold Alexander Gatter 1909 - 1941 (
World War II) + Friedel Dingeldein
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The Gatter Car builder Willibald Gustav Gatter(1896-1973)
and his wife Emilie Hoyler (1911-1992)
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At the end of world war II the bulk of the members of this Gatter
line was expelled from Bohemia, their villages were destroyed or became
ghost towns that rapidly dilapidated. Most of them live in Germany
today, many in its south in the states of Baden-Württemberg and
Bavaria. In Hühnerwasser even the cemetary was destroyed. All
that has survived are memories and some photos, as this one of the
Gatter family grave in Hühnerwasser in around 1940:
But a handful of Gatters who had assimilated - Gatter who had Czech
wives and spoke Czech as their first language - were spared from
the endurances of the expulsion, survived in Bohemia, and live to
this day in the towns surrounding their village of origin, Sabert.
No oversees emigration of Gatter of this line is known, other than
to Australia.
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